Supercomputer successfully simulates a universe just after the Big Bang

Global Expansion, photo — A picture of the expansion of the Earth. The Cosmos started 13.7 billion years ago in an event … [+] known as the Big Bang (left). It immediately began to expand and cool down (stage 1). Eventually, the universe became exposed to radiation, and the first matter was able to collapse. Its expansion was slow about 10 billion years ago (phase 2). At level 3, 5 billion years ago, the universe was full of stars and galaxies, and its expansion began to accelerate again due to the dark energy passing through the Universe. We are now at level 4, and the expansion does not indicate a stop and in fact it is accelerating. The orange arrows indicate the strength of gravity. This slows down the expansion but cannot stop at this point.

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four billion years ago, the universe jumped into a cataclysmic event called the Big Bang. Our small universe began and then expanded to the current cosmic dimensions. Scientists have been trying to know the state of the earth in the earliest fractions of a second, but billions of years of evolution are interrupted in the meantime. However, a group of researchers has hired a supercomputer that will allow them to turn back the clock and discover what the universe was like at birth.

The best conventional understanding of the nature of the universe shortly after its inception is that it was a small, hot, and dense, ocean of energy. This pool of energy was almost identical throughout the cosmos of time. However, due to the laws of quantum mechanics, there were small changes in energy circulation, with places in places with slightly more energy than usual and other places with slightly less energy. The location and magnitude of energy changes were random.

Einstein equation E = mc² telling us that mass and energy are equal, so these segments of small energy came into overgrown regions. And because gravitational forces are caused by mass, gravity had slightly stronger gravity in those regions than the regions that had less energy when the universe began. Over the billions of years, gravity increased the impact, with the slightly more mass-rich regions accumulating mass from those regions that started with severe beauty deficiencies.

Distribution of galaxies in the universe, showing bubbles and gaps — On large plates, the circulation of galaxies looks like the foam on top of a root fluid. Here … [+] image, each dot is a separate galaxy, and the size of each gap is about one hundred million light years.

Millennium Simulation Project, Max Planck Institute

The result is the universe we see today. Using powerful telescopes, astronomers have discovered the whereabouts of galaxies from the vicinity of our own Milky Way, out to places many billions of light years away. They have seen that, on the blades of a few hundred million light-years away, the cosmos has a “bubble-like” structure, with galaxies accumulated on the surface of the bubbles, gaps that are virtually galaxies-free. On larger plates, the universe looks uniform. If you consider looking closely at the foam at a mug of root fluid, and then moving the mug away from you, you will have a good understanding of the structure of the sphere. In our symbolism, the galleries are located on the ball of the bubbles.

The problem for scientists trying to work out energy circulation shortly after the Big Bang is that they have to use modern measurements to evaluate their predictions. And these modern measurements are nearly four billion years of gravitational interactions that need to be taken into account. It is somewhat difficult to determine the effect of so much depth and subtract it so that the first distribution of mass and energy can be worked out.

A group of Japanese researchers devised a way to separate the effects of gravity and find out the size and energy circulation of the early universe. They used the supercomputer at the Tokyo-based National Astronomical Observatory to simulate 4,000 globes, each with a slightly different arrangement of mass and energy. These symbols effectively allow the mass of each symbolic universe to influence fourteen billion years of age. The researchers then devised algorithms that could be reliably simulated taking today’s measurements and determining the original position of the similar universe.

Methods like this have been used in the past to understand how galaxies accumulate. But the improvement in this recent result is that the “gravity removal” algorithms not only work on the universe as a whole, but it seems possible remove the effects caused by cosmic inflation, which is a time in the history of the universe where the universe expanded at speeds faster than light for a small fraction of a second. The theory of inflation is an undeveloped, but important, part of astronomers’ conventional understanding of global history. It explains the observed uniformity of the universe on the larger scales, as well as explaining why the geometry of the universe is as we see it.

Daily camera archives — The telescope used in the fourth generation of Sloan Digital Sky Survey, an Apache project … [+] Point, NM, which maps stars, galaxies and quasars in three dimensions. (Image courtesy of SDSS Team, Fermilab Visual Media Services) (Photo by Jeremy Papasso / Digital First Media / Boulder Daily Camera via Getty Images)

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The research group did not apply their gravitational motion algorithms to data that describes the universe in which we live, but relevant data has already been recorded by other research organizations. One such set of data was recorded by a telescope at the Apache Point Observatory in Sunspot, New Mexico. This telescope is used in collaboration with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and this group measures the location of galaxies that are very far away – galaxies so far away that one give us a billion billion years.

While the analysis will be challenging, this algorithm, combined with SDSS data, may give us a reliable first view of the birth of the universe and give us a better understanding of our cosmic origins. In doing so, astronomers may be able to answer one of the noblest questions – how the universe came to be.

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