How Pi keeps train wheels on track

Photo: Rhett Allain

Notice that there is a nice linear relationship between the square position of the wheel and the horizontal position? The slope of this line is 0.006 meters per step. If you had a wheel with a larger radius, it would move a greater distance for each rotation – so this slope seems to have something to do with the radius of the wheel. We wrote this as the following phrase.

Photo: Rhett Allain

In this equation, s the speed at which the center of the wheel moves. The radius is r and the square position is θ. That just goes away k– this is just sustainable. Since then s Vs θ is a serial function, kr it must be the slope of that line. I already know the value of this slope and can measure the radius of the wheel to be 0.342 meters. With that, a k value 0.0175439 with units of 1 / degree.

Great deal, right? No, it is. Check this out. What happens if you multiply a value k ro 180 degree? For my value of k, I get 3.15789. Yes, that’s actually TRUE close to the value of pi = 3.1415 … (at least that’s the first 5 branches of pi). Seo k as a way to convert from square units of degrees to a better unit for measuring angles – this new unit is called a radian. If the angle of the wheel is measured in radians, k it equals 1 and you get the following loving relationship.

Photo: Rhett Allain

There are two important elements in this equation. First, technically pi is in there because the angle is in radian (yay for Pi Day). Secondly, this is how a train stays on the route. Seriously.

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