Drinking several cups of coffee a day may be linked to a lower risk of developing prostate cancer, suggests a study of collected data from the available evidence, published in the online journal BMJ Open.
Each additional daily cup of distillation was associated with a reduction in relative risk of nearly 1%, the results state.
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer, and the sixth leading cause of cancer death in men. Nearly three out of four cases occur in the developed world, and since the 1970s, new cases of the disease have risen sharply in Asian countries, including Japan, Singapore, and China.
Coffee consumption has been linked to a relatively lower risk of liver, bowel and breast cancers, but to date, there is no conclusive evidence for its potential role in reducing prostate cancer risk.
To try to understand the issue, the researchers searched research databases for relevant cohort studies published up to September 2020.
They collected the data from 16:15 that reported prostate cancer risk associated with the highest, compared to the lowest level of coffee consumption; 13 described the risk associated with an extra daily cup. The maximum consumption rate ranged from 2 to 9 cups or more per day; the minimum ranged from one to less than 2 cups per day.
The included studies were conducted in North America (7), Europe (7) and Japan (2). They involved more than 1 million men (1,081, 586) and 57,732 developed prostate cancers.
Compared with the lowest proportion of coffee consumption, the highest category was associated with a reduction in prostate cancer risk of 9%. And each additional daily cup was associated with a 1% risk reduction.
Reviewing the analysis for local and advanced prostate cancer showed that, compared with the lowest inclusion, the highest intake was associated with a 7% lower risk for local prostate cancer, and a 12% -16% lower risk for advanced and fatal prostate cancer. , separately.
The researchers acknowledge that, due to the speculative design of the included cohort studies, unreasonable or unregulated factors in the original studies may have looked at the risk estimate.
The amount of coffee may have been misused as it relied on recall. And the type of coffee and brewing methods varied among the studies. The design and methods of the included studies were also different, so care must be taken in interpreting the results, they say.
Nevertheless, there are plausible biological explanations for their conclusions, they clarify.
Coffee improves glucose metabolism, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and affects sex hormone levels, all of which can affect the onset, development and progression of prostate cancer, they point out .
And they conclude: “This study suggests that increased coffee consumption may be associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. Further research is still needed to examine the mechanisms basic and the active fertilizers in coffee.
“If association is further proven to be a causal effect, men may be motivated to increase their coffee consumption to reduce the risk of prostate cancer.”
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External peer review? there is
Type of evidence: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Subjects: Men
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