Men in critical crisis are more likely to get a heart attack, according to a study presented today at ESC Acute CardioVascular Care 2021, an online scientific conference of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) .1 the risk of myocardial infarction associated with harassment is particularly evident in unmarried, divorced and widowed men.
“Life harassment refers to overweight, feelings of despair and increased humiliation,” said the study’s author, Dr. Dmitriy Panov from the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation. “It’s thought to be a response to unbelievable problems in people’s lives, especially when they can’t accept long exposure to psychological pressures.”
This study examined the association between critical cramping and risk of myocardial infarction in men with no history of cardiovascular disease. The study used data from the World Health Organization (WHO) MONICA Project.2 A representative sample of 657 men aged 25 to 64 years in Novosibirsk was recorded in 1994.
Symptoms of critical harassment were assessed at baseline using the Maastricht Life Excavation Questionnaire which adopted the MONICA protocol. Participants were classified according to the degree of critical harassment: none, moderate or high. Participants were followed for 14 years for heart attack frequency.
Overall, two-thirds (67%) of men were critically exhausted (15% had a high rate and 52% had a moderate) and 33% had no effect. Nearly three-quarters (74%) of men with high blood pressure were in crisis – high in 58% and moderate in 16%.
In the overall group of men, the researchers analyzed the link between critical harassment at baseline and the risk of heart attack. Compared to those without critical croup, 2.7-fold had a higher risk for heart attack within five years, a 2.25 higher risk within 10 years, and a 2.1 increased risk within 14 years ( p for all
When the analysis was controlled for social factors (education, occupation, and marital status) and age, the impact of critical harassment reduced the risk of heart attack but remained statistically significant. For example, compared to those without critical pressure, men with moderate or high levels were 16% more likely to have a myocardial infarction over 14 years of follow-up compared with those without adjustment for social and age factors. (p
In the modified analysis, the risk of heart attack associated with bullying was higher in unmarried, divorced, and widowed men compared to married men – with risk ratios of 3.7, 4.7, 7.0, respectively. The risk of heart attack-related heart attack was 2.2 times higher in those with a primary education compared with men with a university degree. Middle-aged men were more affected than younger men: compared with 24-34-year-olds, the risk of heart attack associated with heartburn was 3.8-fold higher in 45-54-year-olds and 5.9- higher complex in 55 -64-year.
Regarding the impact of marital status on the link between harassment and heart attack, Dr Panov said: “Living alone indicates less social support, which we know from previous studies such as an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke. “
He noted that the findings reflect a pattern where social inequality is associated with critical deprivation, which is associated with an increased risk for heart disease. “The relationship of fatigue with threatening cardiovascular events should be taken into account when assessing risk,” he said.
Dr Panov concluded: “Efforts to promote wellbeing and reduce stress at home and work can help reduce vital harassment. Involvement in community groups is one way to increase social support and be more vulnerable to stress. Along with a healthy lifestyle, these measures should be beneficial for heart health. “
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Notes to the Editor
Funding: This review was conducted within the framework of the NIITPM budget topic – a branch of ICG SB RAS Reg. No. AAAA-A17-117112850280-2, Gov.Task No. 0324-2018-0001.
Disclosures: Authors do not disclose conflicts of interest.
References and notes
1Abstract title: Active digestion and risk of myocardial infarction in a male population aged 25-64 years in Russia / Siberia. WHO Monica-psychosocial epidemiological program.
2 The analysis was part of the WHO MONICA Selective Psychosocial Substudy (MOPSY).
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