(MENAFN – The Conversation) In 2017, astronauts saw the birth of a black hole for the first time. Gravitational wave detectors picked up the ripples during space caused by two neutron stars colliding to form the black hole, and then other telescopes saw the resulting explosion.
But the real nitty-gritty of how the black hole formed, subject movements in the instants before it was sealed off within the horizon of the black hole event did not materialize. That’s because the gravitational waves thrown in these final times were so frequent that conventional detectors can’t pick them up.
Read more: Finally, we’ve found waves of gravity from a pair of falling neutron stars
If you saw a normal case as it turns into a black hole, you would see something like the Big Bang played back. The scientists who design gravitational wave detectors have been working hard to find out how we can improve our detectors to make it possible.
Today our team is publishing a paper that shows how this can be done. Our proposal could make detectors 40 times more sensitive to the high frequencies we need, allowing astronauts to listen to an issue while in a black hole.
It involves the creation of new neural bundles of energy (or ‘quanta’) that are a combination of two types of quantum vibration. Devices based on this technology could be added to the existing gravitational wave detectors to get the extra sensitivity needed.
Artist’s impression of photons interacting with a millimeter scale phonic crystal device placed at the output level of a gravity wave detector. Carl Knox / OzGrav / Swinburne University, author donated Quantum problems
Gravitational Interferometer Laser Observatory (LIGO) in the United States uses lasers to measure surprisingly small changes in the distance between two mirrors. Because they measure changes 1,000 times smaller than the size of a single proton, the effects of quantum mechanics – individual particle physics or energy quanta – play an important role in the way these detectors work.
There are two types of quantum energy packets involved, both predicted by Albert Einstein. In 1905 he prophesied that light would come in energy packets called photons; two years later, he predicted that heat and sound energy would come in energy packs called phones.
Photons are widely used in modern technology, but phones are more difficult to use. Individual phones are usually overwhelmed by large numbers of random phones that are the heat of the environment. In gravity wave detectors, phones bounce around the inside of the detector’s mirror, reducing their sensitivity.
Read more: Australia’s part in the global effort to find waves of gravity
Five years ago physics realized that you could solve the problem of insufficient sensitivity at high frequencies with devices that combine phones with photons. They showed that devices that carry energy in quantum packages that share the properties of both phones and photons can have quite remarkable features.
These tools would involve a radical change of a familiar concept called ‘resonant expansion’. Magnification extension is what you do when you push a playground swing: if you push at the right time, your little buttons will create a big swing.
The new device, called a ‘white light cavity’, would increase each frequency equally. This is like a swing that you can push any old time and still end up with great results.
However, no one has yet figured out how to make one of these devices, as the internal phones would be overwhelmed by random vibrations caused by heat.
Quantum Solutions
In our paper, published in Communications Physics, we show how two different projects could do the job.
The Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen has been developing devices called phonic crystals, in which thermal vibrations are controlled by a crystal – like structure cut into a thin ball. The Australian Center of Excellence for Quantum Engineering Systems has also unveiled another system in which phones are locked inside an ultrapure quartz lens.
An artist’s impression of a tiny device that can stimulate the sensitivity of a gravitational wave detector at high frequencies. Carl Knox / OzGrav / Swinburne University, author donated
We show that both of these systems meet the requirements for generating the ‘negative scattering’ – which emits light frequencies in a steep rainbow pattern – required for light caves. White.
Both systems, when added to the rear end of gravity wave detectors, would increase the sensitivity at frequencies of a few kilohertz with the 40 hours or more required to listen to a black hole birth.
What now?
Our research does not represent an immediate solution to the development of gravitational wave detectors. There are major test challenges in making such devices into practical devices. But it does offer a pathway to the 40-fold development of gravity wave detectors needed for black hole birth monitoring.
Astronomers have predicted the formation of complex wavelengths by the movements of neutron stars as they form black holes. These gravitational waves allow us to listen into the nuclear physics of a falling neutron star.
For example, it has been proven that they can clearly show whether the neutrons in the star live as neutrons or whether they break into a sea of quarries, the smallest subatomic particles of them all. If we saw neutrons turning into quarries and then disappearing into the black hole singularity, it would be like the real backbone of the Big Bang where out of the singularity, the grains that went on to our create a universe.
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