Scientists have found that a comparison of two immune molecules helped predict the likelihood of transplantation in 339 patients who received a kidney transplant, the only therapeutic treatment for renal failure at late stage. Their findings suggest that monitoring this ratio may help differentiate high-risk patients, before long-term organ rejection becomes inevitable, allowing with clinicians intervening accordingly with new therapies. Kidney transplants often provide immediate benefits to patients with end-stage renal disease, but long-term outcomes are mixed, with 35% of transplant recipients losing the new kidney side by side. within 10 years. Researchers claim that this long-term rejection is the result of a slow, violent buildup of damage from the immune system in the transplanted kidneys, which can often not be detected until it will be immutable. Aravind Cherukuri and his colleagues examined whether there were ways to identify high-risk patients in the initial months after the referral, when long-term damage could be treated. They examined renal biopsies from 244 patients who underwent renal transplantation and detected IL-10 and TNFα, two immune molecules secreted by B cells. The analysis revealed that patients with a low ratio of IL -10 to TNFα three months after referral up to a 74% risk of rejection later within the first year, while patients with high ratios showed only a 5 chance % early or late rejection. The team observed similar patterns in a second group of 95 patients, arguing that grafts had worse five-year survival rates in high-risk patients compared with grafts in low-risk patients. Interestingly, Cherukuri et al. found that treatment of isolated B cells with antibodies against TNFα restored the IL-10 / TNFα ratio to normal levels, suggesting that this strategy may help reduce long-term rejection if given early to high-risk patients.
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