Titanic energy, expanding from near the supermassive black hole in the middle of the Milky Way just began 3.5 million years ago, sent an explosion of cone-shaped radiation through every pole of the Galaxy and out into deep space .
That is the result of research conducted by a team of scientists led by Professor Joss Bland-Hawthorn of the Australian ARC Center of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3-D) and two soon to be published in the Astrophysical Journal.
The phenomenon, known as the Seyfert flare, created two large ‘ionization cones’ that passed through the Milky Way – starting with a relatively small diameter near the black hole, and greatly expanded when they left the Galaxy.
The flame was so powerful that it affected the Magellanic Stream – a long line of gas flowing from nearby rugged galaxies known as the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. The Magellanic Stream lies at an average of 200,000 light-years from the Milky Way.
The explosion was too large, says the Australian-US research team, to be stimulated by anything but black hole-related nuclear activity, known as Sagittarius A, or Sgr A *, which is around 4.2 million times larger than the Sun.
“The flame must have been something like a lighthouse carriage,” said Dr Bland-Hawthorn, who is also at the University of Sydney.
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Artist’s impression of the massive explosions of ionizing radiation exploding from the center of the Milky Way and impacting the Magellanic Stream. Cliu: James Josephides / ASTRO 3D
“Imagine darkness, and then someone turns on a lighthouse lantern for a short time. ”
Using data collected by the Hubble Space Telescope, the researchers determined that the massive explosion only occurred a little over three million years ago.
As for Galactic, that’s surprisingly recent. On Earth at that time, the asteroid that inspired the extinction of dinosaurs was already 63 million years old, and the ancient ancestors of mankind, the Australopithecines, were in existence in Africa.
“This is a remarkable event that took place a few million years ago in the history of the Milk Trail,” said Professor Lisa Kewley, Director of ASTRO 3-D.
“There was a huge explosion of energy and radiation out of the galactic center and into the surrounding material. This shows that the center of the Sweet Trail is a much more vibrant place than we had previously thought. It’s lucky we don’t live there! ”
The eruption, researchers estimate, lasted 300,000 years – a very short time in galactic terms.
Schematic diagram modeling the ionizing radiation field across the Southern Galactic Hemisphere of the Milky Way, disturbed by the Seyfert flare event. Credit: Bland-Hawthorne, et al / ASTRO 3D
In conducting the research, colleagues from the National University of Australia and the University of Sydney teamed up with Professor Bland-Hawthorn, and, in the U.S., the University of North Carolina, the University of Colorado and the Institute of Space Telescope Science in Baltimore.
The paper follows on from research also led by Professor Bland-Hawthorn and published in 2013. Earlier work looked at evidence of a major explosion incident beginning in the middle of the Trail. Honeycomb, eliminates a nuclear star as the cause and inevitably links it to activity in SgrA *.
“These results dramatically change our understanding of the Sweet Journey,” said co-author Magda Guglielmo of the University of Sydney.
“We always thought of our Galaxy as an inactive galaxy, with a less bright center. Instead these new findings open up the opportunity to fully redefine evolution and nature.
“The flare-up that happened three million years ago was so powerful that it affected what was around our Galaxy. We are a witness to the awakening of the beauty of sleep. ”
The latest job companies are up to SgrA * as a key suspect, but, the researchers admit, there is still a lot more work to be done. As black holes grow, affect and interact with galaxies, they conclude, “a unique problem in astronomy”.
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