African countries remain left in the global race for vaccines, despite rise in coronavirus cases

In December, Guinea, in West Africa, prescribed 55 doses of Russia ‘s Sputnik V coronavirus vaccine and gave the first doses to 25 officers, according to Related Media.
In North Africa, Morocco and Algeria have also recently started vaccination programs, according to our World in Data, an independent statistics website from Oxford University ‘s Global Change Data Lab.

Compared to other regions, Africa was slow to start and is likely to be slow to catch up, health officials said.

Emerging markets like South Africa have also found that they pay more than their wealthier peers.

Double paying

South Africa is the worst Covid-19-affected country in Africa, recording nearly 1.5 million cases to date and more than 45,000 deaths. His health ministry told CNN’s global competition that he had forced them to buy the Oxford / AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine from the Serum Institute of India (SII) at nearly double the price – $ 5.25 per dose, according to Reuters – paid for by other richer countries.
Workers load the first Covid-19 vaccine in South Africa on arrival at OR Tambo airport in Johannesburg on 1 February

“There is a global demand for the vaccine in the first quarter. We are not aware of a cheaper option that is immediately available,” said the Ministry of Health ‘s head of communications, Popo Maja.

The SII did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

This price is higher than the $ 3 per dose that other African countries are considering paying in a contract awarded by the African Union (AU) two weeks ago. That order promises 270 million doses of Oxford / AstraZeneca, Pfizer / BioNTech and Johnson & Johnson vaccines for African countries, again through the SII.

But few cheap vaccination options are available to African countries because of continued global demand, leaving the continent’s slump behind, government officials and health agencies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) say.

Making their own contracts

Most African countries suffered fewer deaths from the first wave of the virus last year compared to other parts of the world, but case numbers are now rising across the continent, especially in the southern region.

On Tuesday, the African continent had recorded more than 3.6 million cases, while deaths were up 40% from Jan. 1 to reach 92,000, according to Johns Hopkins University data.
South Africa is also facing a new version of the virus that came out there, which health experts say is perhaps more volatile and able to avoid the effects of vaccines. It leads to higher case numbers and has been found in Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Comoros, and Zambia as well as more than 20 non-African countries to date.
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“If we do not manage the situation we will end up with a moral catastrophe in our hands,” the head of the African Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, John Nkengasong, told CNN last week. “If we have these vaccines and continue to aggressively implement public health measures, the issue of variables would disappear.”

Last year, WHO established the Covid-19 Engine Access Accelerator (ACT), partnership to coordinate production and increase access to medications, vaccines and trials.

COVAX, the vaccine arm of ACT Accelerator, aims to roll out 2 billion doses of Covid-19 worldwide by the end of this year, with a forecast of 690 million for low-income African countries.

The campaign is led by WHO; Consortium for Epidemic Preparation Innovations; and Gavi, Vaccination Federation. It is funded by development agencies and grants from organizations such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

If Gavi ‘s supply forecast is correct, countries will only have enough to vaccinate 27% of their total population, James Fulker, a spokesman for Gavi, told CNN.

WHO urges richer countries to prioritize equitable supply rather than entering into broad contracts on their own with pharmaceutical or other companies to split the unused doses of COVAX.

At the same time, the health agency is encouraging poor countries to get more coverage through their own contracts.

The AU has also been instrumental in finding contracts for the member countries, with the establishment of the African Vaccine Acquisition Action Team (AVATT).

Last week, AVATT received 400 million doses from the SII, adding to the 270 million received in January, Nkengasong said.

Anger against vaccine nationalism

The global divergence in access to Covid-19 vaccines has caused widespread anger among African leaders, including South African president and AU chairman Cyril Ramaphosa, who warned at a landmark meeting The Economic Forum last week said that richer countries are “vaccinating” vaccines, and urged global action to ensure their fair distribution.

“We are concerned about the nationality of vaccines,” Ramaphosa said. “The rich countries of the world have gone out and received large doses of vaccines from the developers and manufacturers of these vaccines and some countries have even gone longer and have up to four times what their population needs. ”

For example, Canada and the United Kingdom have purchased enough vaccines to cover 500% and 300% of their numbers, according to data from the Duke Center for Global Health Innovation.
A patient receives an injection of an Oxford / AstraZeneca injection at a UK center that has enough vaccines to cover 300% of their population

This behavior margins the countries that are “most in need” of the vaccine, Ramaphosa said.

The WHO has repeated the words of Ramaphosa several times, saying recently that the vaccine gap between rich and poor countries is widening.

National rollout

But countries in sub-Saharan Africa are working with as much as they can to start some broadcasting.

Ghana expects to receive 17.6 million doses of different vaccines by June, its President, Nana Akufo Addo, said while announcing new restrictions in a speech on Sunday. The 30 million West African nation is battling a second wave, with nearly 67,000 cases reported and a total of 1,583 cases every Sunday.
In East Africa, Kenya will start vaccination this month and hopes to have 1.25 million people taken in by June, according to his ministry of health on Friday.
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Uganda, with a population of about 44 million, plans to access vaccines through COVAX and his ministry of health has said it will try to get more from AstraZeneca They are also investigating the possibility of getting vaccines from China, if WHO approves its vaccine.
In Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, officials say will begin to receive vaccine doses this month through COVAX. The Minister of Health, Osagie Enanire works too with the AU to get vaccines from its contract.
The country has been struggling with oxygen deficiency and an increase in case numbers. Nigeria will receive 16 million doses in the initial release of COVAX, the third largest of any country in the world.

Value divided

Despite the progress that has been made, African countries in general are waiting a long time to receive Covid-19 vaccines. For example, less than 20% of the 270 million doses originally ordered by the AU will be available by June, according to a press release from the African Vaccine Acquisition Action Team.
COVAX predicts that it will have delivered 640 million doses by then, about 30% of which is for AU countries, Fulker said.
In contrast, the European Union expects member states to receive vaccines 70% of their adult numbers in the summer.

“It is in their best interest, in the common interest that people get the vaccine in good time so that we can get rid of this pandemic as a group,” Nkengasong told CNN. a way that only parts of the world like the richest countries can get out of here without the southern hemisphere getting out of the pandemic. ”

In his opening remarks at the 148th session of the WHO governing board on January 18, its director-general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyses, said that the approach of the first world nations was “self-defensive.”

“Until we end the Covid-19 pandemic everywhere, we will not end it anywhere. As we speak, rich countries are issuing vaccines, while in which the least developed countries in the world will be watching & waiting, “he said added at a press conference on 25 January.

Ghebreyses wants the vaccination to go ahead in all countries within the first 100 days of 2021, but this could be an ambitious target when there are not many countries. Africans have yet to be vaccinated and may not be for some weeks.

“Time is short, and the stakes couldn’t be higher; every minute counts,” he said.

CNN’s Brent Swails, Stephanie Busari and Krystina Shveda contributed to this report.

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