Scientists have devised a new way to detect the proteins that make up the pandemic coronavirus, as well as antibodies against it. They designed protein-based biosensors that glow when mixed with components of the virus or specific COVID-19 antibodies.
This progress could soon lead to a faster and more widespread trial. The research appears in Nature.
To diagnose coronavirus infection today, most medical laboratories rely on a method called RT-PCR, which spreads genetic material from the virus until it is seen. This approach requires specialized staff and equipment. He also eats lab products that are now in great demand around the world. Supply chain shortages have delayed COVID-19 test results in the United States and beyond.
In an effort to detect coronavirus directly in patient samples without the need for genetic enhancement, a team of researchers led by David Baker, professor of biochemistry and director of the Institute for Protein Design at UW Medicine, used computers to biosensors design new. These protein-based devices identify specific molecules on the surface of the virus, attach them, then release light through biochemical reactivity.
Antibody tests can show if a person has had COVID-19 in the past. It is used to monitor the spread of the pandemic, but it also requires complex laboratory materials and equipment.
The same team of UW researchers created biosensors that glow when mixed with COVID-19 antibodies. They showed that these sensors do not react with other antibodies that may be in the blood, including those that target other viruses. This sensitivity is important to avoid false-positive test results.
We have shown in the laboratory that these new sensors can easily detect virus proteins or antibodies in a simulated nasal discharge or donated serum. Our next goal is to ensure that they can be used reliably in a judgmental setting. This work demonstrates the power of de novo protein design to create molecular devices from scratch with new and useful functions. “
David Baker, Professor of Biochemistry and Director of the Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington Medicine
Beyond COVID-19, the team also showed that similar biosensors could be designed to make medically relevant human proteins such as Her2 (a biomarker target and therapy for some breast cancers) and Bcl-2 (which has clinical significance). the lymphoma and some other cancers), as well as bacterial toxin and antibodies targeting Hepatitis B virus.
Source:
University of Washington / UW health sciences