For decades, astronomers, physicists and cosmologists have said that the universe is filled with alien material called “dark matter” which explains the alien gravitational behavior of galaxies and galaxy assemblages.
Dark matter, according to mathematical models, makes up three-quarters of the total matter in the universe.
But not seen and not fully explained.
And while a dark subject has become the main theory to explain one of the greatest mysteries of the universe, some scientists have looked for another explanation of why galaxies work the way they do. .
Now, an international team of scientists says they have found new evidence that dark things may not exist at all after all.
In research published in November in the Astrophysical Journal, the scientists report that small differences in the orbital speed of distant stars are thought to have a significant effect – and one that could disrupt the preconceived notions of a dark matter.
The study suggests that there is an incomplete scientific understanding of gravity behind what appears to be the gravitational force of galaxies and galaxy assemblages, rather than large clouds of dark matter.
That could mean real mathematics, and not invisible matter, explaining why galleries behave the way they do, said study co-author Stacy McGaugh, who is in charge of in the astronomy department at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland.
The new research reports that symptoms of tidal wave, known as “outer field effect” or EFE, can be seen statistically in the orbital distance of stars in more than 150 galaxies.
The authors state that the effect cannot be explained by dark case theories, but is predicted by what is known as Newtonian modified theory of dynamics, or MOND.
“What we are really saying is that there is completely evidence for error,” McGaugh said.
“What you see is not what you see, if all you know about Newton and Einstein. ”
‘It’s not what you see but what you get, if all you know about Newton and Einstein.’
Astronomers have long accepted that stars orbited the centers of galaxies at distances predicted by a theory of gravity developed by the English physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton more than 300 years ago.
Based in Newton his theory that objects are attracted to each other by a force changing according to the observed mass of the orbits of the planets.
Updated from the theories of 20th-century German-born physicist Albert Einstein, it remains a real mistake.
But when a Coma group of galaxies in the 1930s was observed by the Swiss astronaut Fritz Zwicky, then working at the California Institute of Technology, he discovered that it was under the control of larger gravitational forces than expected.
He influenced the “dunkel (kalt) materie,” which is German for “dark (cold) material.”
When American astronomers Vera Rubin and Kent Ford discovered anomalies in star orbits in galaxies in the 1970s, many scientists claimed they were caused by masses of invisible “dark matter”. in and around galleries, and the idea has influenced astronauts ever since.
What is a dark case?
According to some estimates, dark matter makes up about 85 percent of the total case in the universe.
It is said to interact with light and visible material only through gravity, and it explains the irregularities seen in distant galaxies.
But it has never been seen, and so far no one has fully explained what it could be, although dark case candidates include weak interaction, or WIMPS, primordial black holes and neutrinos.
MOND was coined in the 1980s by Israeli physicist Mordehai Milgrom to explain the mishaps seen without a dark matter.
He suggests that gravity causes very little acceleration, which is not predicted by Newton and Einstein, at levels so low that it is only seen in galaxy-sized objects.
It would mean that there is no need to explain a dark subject.
So far, MOND has survived a number of scientific experiments – although many scientists say they can’t explain the Bullet assemblages of galaxies that collide, for example.
McGaugh admits that MOND is a minority view in astronomy and that most scientists favor the existence of a dark matter.
It was his favorite idea until he started to change his mind about 25 years ago.
“I used to say the same thing: it’s completely proven to be a dark issue, don’t worry about it,” he said.
But much of what has been said about MOND has been seen in astronomical observation, and the latest research is one more piece of evidence for it, he said.
“MOND is the only theory that has succeeded in this way,” McGaugh said.
“This is the same idea that has made all the predictions come true.”
Opinions on research
The new research raises “a very interesting case,” said Matthias Bartelmann, a professor of theoretical astronomy at the University of Heidelberg in Germany.
“Can a dark matter be interpreted by a different law of importance? It would be more important for cosmology as well as particle physics if it could, ”he said in an email.
It is doubtful, however, that the “external influence” reported in the new research is indeed a specific prediction of MOND, and cannot be explained by some competing theories.
And since MOND theory was put together to account for the rotational inconsistencies in galaxies, confirmatory tests on galaxies would be expected to return definite results.
Instead, MOND needed to be successfully tested on other items, such as galaxy assemblages, he said.